Selecting Cameras For ROVs
- Robert Robinson
- 2 hours ago
- 2 min read
By Stefano Zammattio, Senior Product Manager, Active Silicon.
Choosing the right camera for an ROV involves a careful balance of technical features, environmental durability, and system integration. Engineers may want to consider zoom range, autofocus performance, video output format, low-light capability, and how well the camera integrates with the broader control and power systems. By evaluating these factors, operators can ensure that the camera delivers reliable, high-quality video for research, maintenance and inspection operations.
Autofocus-zoom cameras stand out because they combine the ability to change focal lengths with automatic focus adjustments. This is particularly valuable in underwater inspection, where visibility and object distances can vary.
Optical zoom is preferable to digital zoom, as it maintains image quality throughout the zoom range. The right level depends on the ROV’s operational scope. For detailed assessments, such as pipeline inspection, a higher optical zoom range is advantageous. However, it is also important to balance zoom capability with camera size and weight, especially on smaller ROV platforms where payload limits are strict.
Another crucial aspect for subsea ROVs is how well the camera’s autofocus and automatic exposure (AE) system handles challenging lighting conditions. In underwater environments with low contrast or poor lighting, some autofocus systems may struggle. Engineers should look for sensors with good low-light sensitivity (e.g., larger CMOS sensors with high ISO capabilities), and cameras that support wide dynamic range (WDR) for handling areas of high contrast.
Video output options also need to be considered. The most common outputs for ROV cameras are HD-SDI, HDMI, and Ethernet IP. HD-SDI is popular due to its ability to transmit uncompressed, low-latency HD video over long distances of coaxial cable – ideal for real-time control. HDMI can provide excellent image quality but is expensive, less robust over long cable distances and not always suited for tethered systems. IP cameras offer digital control and easier integration into networked systems but can introduce longer latency compared to other formats.
Of course, it’s vital to test camera systems in real-world conditions – or at least simulate them – before final deployment.
Physical durability and environmental resistance are non-negotiable for cameras being used in subsea applications.
Cameras should be housed in IP-rated enclosures, these housings may also need to be pressure tolerant. System designers should also consider temperature ratings, corrosion resistance, and how easily the camera can be maintained or serviced in the field.
Finally, integration matters. An autofocus-zoom camera should support remote control via industry-standard protocols such as VISCA or Pelco-D. It should also be compatible with the ROV’s power supply and have a manageable interface for maintenance, software updates, and field calibration.
Active Silicon’s range of Harrier Autofocus-Zoom Cameras includes options with 10x up to 55x zoom, various outputs such as 3G-SDI, HDMI and IP Ethernet, and global shutter or rolling shutter sensors. Several models are already deployed in ground and subsea ROVs, carrying out essential inspection and repair work.
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